Capability approach is a valuable lens through which we can view development and welfare of people across the world. It is a significant concept that shapes our understanding of poverty and inequality. In this article, we will dive deep into the key concepts of understanding capability approach and how it helps measure the development achievements of societies.
Capability approach, developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, differs from other approaches to welfare measurement in that it is an individual-centered perspective that focuses on the capability of the person, rather than the material goods that the person possesses. Capability, in this context, refers to the ability of an individual to do or be something. Consequently, capability approach aims to explore the freedom of people to pursue the kind of life they have reason to value.
The capability approach suggests that different people have different capabilities, and these capabilities can be influenced by various factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, religion, etc. So, the assessment of developmental achievements in societies cannot be merely based on economic growth. Instead, it must take into account the diverse capabilities available to individuals within different communities.
For example, an individual who lives in a society where basic education is not accessible to all may not have the capability to pursue higher education. This may limit their career opportunities and influence their ability to earn a living wage. Similarly, an individual who lives in a society with high levels of crime and violence may not have the capability to pursue their interests in public spaces, causing them to live in fear and limiting their social interactions.
One of the most significant advantages of the capability approach is that it provides a holistic way to measure development and wellbeing in societies. It allows us to assess well-being beyond just income levels and examine more qualitative dimensions like education, health, and socio-political freedoms.
In conclusion, capability approach serves as a valuable tool for policymakers and development practitioners as it provides a comprehensive understanding of welfare, development, and inequality in societies. The capabilities of individuals must be addressed in any meaningful assessment of development, and the approach has the potential to enhance the quality of life and wellbeing for people globally.
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