Proficiency vs Fluency: What’s the Difference and Why Does it Matter?

Proficiency vs Fluency: What’s the Difference and Why Does it Matter?

Language learning is an impressive and rewarding accomplishment. However, the terms “proficiency” and “fluency” are often interchangeably used in language learning conversations when they aren’t the same thing. The first step is understanding the difference between proficiency and fluency and why it matters.

What is proficiency?

Proficiency is the extent to which language learners can use the language correctly and efficiently in real-life situations. It is often graded based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) standards. The CEFR divides language proficiency into six levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2.

Each level signifies the individual’s ability to communicate in the language. For instance, an A1 language learner can perform simple conversations, while a B2 language learner can handle more complex discussions confidently. The CEFR helps language learners determine their competency level in the target language for work, study, or travel.

What is fluency?

Fluency is one’s smoothness, flow, and speed in speaking a language. A fluent speaker can express thoughts and ideas automatically without having to stop to think of the correct word or phrase, and can convey them in a natural and confident way.

It is possible to achieve fluency without proficiency. For instance, a person may have an exceptionally natural and intuitive grasp of spoken language but might still struggle with writing and comprehension.

Why does it matter?

Proficiency and fluency are equally important in language learning and usage, but for different reasons.

Proficiency is crucial in ensuring that language learners can use the target language correctly in real-life settings. Passing proficiency exams are often required by companies, schools, and universities to ensure that language learners can communicate effectively with clients, colleagues, or classmates.

Fluency, on the other hand, is essential in developing a more nuanced and natural understanding of a language. It enables speakers to express ideas and emotions fluently as needed, engaging in social situations and making it easier for them to build their language skills further.

Conclusion

Language learners should aim to develop both proficiency and fluency when learning a new language. While proficiency allows language learners to use the target language correctly in real-life situations, fluency provides them with the ability to express ideas and emotions naturally and confidently. Understanding the differences between the two concepts can help language learners set realistic goals for their language learning journeys.