Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects both men and women. With more than 100 different types of HPV, it’s important to be aware of the risks and consequences of this infection. In this information sheet, we provide an overview of HPV, its symptoms, and how to protect yourself from getting infected.
What is HPV?
HPV is a virus that can cause a variety of health issues, including genital warts and different types of cancer. The types of HPV that cause warts are different from those that can cause cancer. The virus can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Anyone who is sexually active can get infected with HPV. However, HPV infections are more common in individuals under the age of 30.
Symptoms of HPV
In many cases, HPV infections do not cause any symptoms, which is why it’s important to get regular screenings. Some infections can cause genital warts, which are small bumps that can be flat or raised. These warts can appear on the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, penis, scrotum, or around the anus. If left untreated, the warts can grow and spread.
Cancer caused by HPV
Some types of HPV can cause cancer, including cervical cancer. Other types can cause cancer of the vulva, vagina, anus, penis, or oropharynx (back of the throat). Regular screenings can help detect abnormal cells that can lead to cancer. HPV-related cancers can take years to develop, and regular screenings can help catch them early when they are easier to treat.
Preventing HPV
The HPV vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls between the ages of 11 and 12. However, it can be given as early as age 9 and up to age 45. The vaccine is available in a two-dose or three-dose series, depending on the age of the individual. The vaccine can protect against several types of HPV that cause cancer and genital warts.
In addition to getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex can also help prevent HPV. Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of getting infected with HPV. However, because HPV can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, using condoms may not protect against all HPV infections.
Conclusion
HPV is a common STI that can cause a variety of health issues, including cancer. Regular screenings and getting vaccinated can help prevent HPV-related health issues. Practicing safe sex can also help reduce the risk of getting infected with HPV. It’s important to talk to your healthcare provider about getting screened and vaccinated for HPV.
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