The syndrome of Fragile X is a genetic condition that causes developmental disabilities, primarily in boys. Research shows that dominant symptoms of this condition include cognitive impairment and learning difficulty. In this article, we will explore the link between Fragile X and cognition by analyzing how research informs us about the connection.
When scientists first discovered Fragile X in 1969, they identified it as a fragile site on the long arm of the X chromosome. Later, it was discovered that the fragile site on the X-chromosome was due to the expansion of a trinucleotide sequence CGG that causes silencing of the FMR1 gene. The silencing of the FMR1 gene results in Fragile X syndrome.
Cognition refers to various mental abilities involved in learning, processing, understanding, and applying information. The cognitive abilities that are primarily affected in Fragile X syndrome include memory, attention span, perception, and learning ability. Studies suggest that people with Fragile X syndrome are likely to have a lower IQ score and experience significant cognitive impairment.
Several studies show that cognition in Fragile X is affected due to the abnormality in the FMRP protein. The protein has a significant role in the regulation of synaptic functions, brain development, and processing of sensory information. In the absence or reduction of FMRP, cognitive functions are impaired. It is predominantly associated with Fragile X syndrome, resulting from mutations of the FMR1 gene.
The FMR1 gene mutation reduces the production of FMRP protein, which restricts cognitive growth and worsens the cognitive capacities. Thus, people with Fragile X are known to have difficulty in area of mental function such as executive function, attention span and working memory. However, cognitive challenges is a spectrum disorder, and therefore, not all people with Fragile X will have the same cognitive challenges. Some will have severe impairments, and others will only experience mild cognitive impairment.
Despite the cognitive limitations, with proper assistance, individuals with Fragile X syndrome can navigate society, study, work, maintain relationships, and excel in endeavors they are passionate about. Melting strengths-based and weakness-based approaches can provide children with Fragile X with a well-rounded educational experience that takes cognizance of their needs.
In conclusion, Fragile X syndrome affects cognitive abilities, and research demonstrates that the impairment occurs due to the absence or reduction of FMRP protein production. While cognitive challenges experienced vary among individuals, understanding the challenges faced and adapting supportive approaches can enable individuals with Fragile X syndrome to thrive. Hence, as more research continues to shed light on Fragile X syndrome, we hope that people with the condition will enjoy more inclusive and understanding societies.
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