Exploring the Concept of Cultural Evolution in the Works of Edward Tylor

Exploring the Concept of Cultural Evolution in the Works of Edward Tylor

In the world of anthropology, one name stands out for his pioneering contributions to the field- Edward Tylor. Throughout his career, Tylor developed several theories, including that of cultural evolution. This article aims to explore the concept of cultural evolution as presented in Tylor’s works.

Introduction

Tylor is considered the father of anthropology and is recognized for his contributions to the field. His work focused mainly on understanding the evolution of cultures, which he believed was an ongoing process. His most notable work, Primitive Culture, provides an in-depth analysis of cultures of different societies and their evolution over time. In this article, we will discuss the concept of cultural evolution and its relevance in present-day anthropology.

The Concept of Cultural Evolution

Tylor’s concept of cultural evolution was based on the idea that cultures evolve over time, just like living organisms. He believed that all societies, regardless of their differences, went through a similar process of cultural evolution. This process involved three stages- savagery, barbarism, and civilization.

The savage stage was characterized by the use of simple tools, such as rocks and sticks, and the absence of any form of cultivation. The barbaric stage, on the other hand, was characterized by the development of tools, the growth of cultivation, and the emergence of social hierarchy. The final stage, civilization, was marked by writing, urbanization, and the formation of complex government structures.

Tylor argued that these stages were not predetermined, and that different societies moved through these stages at different rates. He also believed that certain societies may regress, moving from a higher stage of cultural evolution to a lower one.

Tylor’s Influence on Present-Day Anthropology

Tylor’s concept of cultural evolution has been influential in shaping present-day anthropology. Today, anthropologists study cultures and their evolution, just like Tylor did. However, there are some criticisms of Tylor’s approach. Some people argue that his framework is too Eurocentric, and others believe that it oversimplifies the complex processes involved in cultural evolution.

Despite these criticisms, Tylor’s legacy lives on, as his ideas helped lay the groundwork for modern-day anthropology. Anthropologists continue to use his framework as a starting point for their research and continue to build upon his work.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Tylor’s concept of cultural evolution was groundbreaking in the field of anthropology. His ideas helped shape the discipline and continue to be relevant today. While there are valid criticisms of his approach, Tylor’s work remains an important contribution to cultural studies. Understanding his concept of cultural evolution is important in understanding the history of anthropology and the development of the discipline over time.