5 Important Things to Know About Graves Disease
Graves Disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. It is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. This disease affects women more than men, with its onset usually during the 20s to 40s. If left untreated, it can cause several complications. Here are five important things to know about Graves Disease:
1. Symptoms
Symptoms of Graves Disease include anxiety, mood changes, tremors, weight loss, and increased sweating. Vision changes are also common, with the eyes appearing to bulge out as a result of swelling of the tissue behind the eyeball. This swelling, known as Graves ophthalmopathy, can lead to double vision, dry eyes, and eye pain.
2. Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Graves Disease involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure hormone levels and antibodies, and imaging tests to assess the thyroid gland and eyes. A doctor may also perform a fine-needle aspiration biopsy to check for cancerous cells in the thyroid gland.
3. Treatment
Treatment for Graves Disease includes medication, radioiodine therapy, or surgery. Medication such as beta-blockers may be prescribed to relieve symptoms, while anti-thyroid medication helps to reduce hormone levels. Radioiodine therapy involves administering a radioactive iodine pill to destroy thyroid cells. Surgery involves the removal of the thyroid gland through a procedure known as thyroidectomy.
4. Complications
Complications from Graves Disease include thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition that occurs when hormone levels become dangerously high. Other complications include heart problems, brittle bones, and eye problems. In severe cases, Graves ophthalmopathy can lead to blindness.
5. Management
Managing Graves Disease involves regular check-ups with a doctor, adherence to medication, and making lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight. Patients should also avoid stress and get enough rest to reduce the chances of triggering a thyroid storm. In addition, regular eye exams are essential to monitor changes and manage symptoms of Graves ophthalmopathy.
In conclusion, Graves Disease is a serious condition that can have life-altering effects if left untreated. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms associated with this disease. With proper diagnosis, treatment, and management, patients can manage their condition and prevent complications.
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