Exploring the Controversial Theory of Cultural Evolutionism: Its Roots, Criticisms, and Future

Exploring the Controversial Theory of Cultural Evolutionism: Its Roots, Criticisms, and Future

The theory of cultural evolutionism, which posits that human cultures evolve over time, has been a topic of controversy since it was first introduced in the 19th century. While some scholars argue that cultural evolutionism remains relevant today, others have criticized the theory for being Eurocentric and linear in its approach. In this article, we will explore the roots of cultural evolutionism, its criticisms, and what the future holds for this controversial theory.

The Roots of Cultural Evolutionism

The theory of cultural evolutionism emerged during the 19th century, when European scholars were attempting to understand the diversity of human cultures around the world. At the time, many believed that certain cultures were more advanced than others, and that this hierarchy was determined by biological factors such as race. However, cultural evolutionists rejected this belief and argued that culture rather than biology was the primary determiner of human progress.

One of the most prominent cultural evolutionists was Lewis Henry Morgan, who believed that all societies passed through several stages of cultural development, from savagery to civilization. Morgan’s ideas were hugely influential, and he is still considered one of the founding fathers of anthropology.

Criticisms of Cultural Evolutionism

Despite its influence, cultural evolutionism has been criticized by many scholars for being Eurocentric and linear in its approach. Critics argue that the theory assumes that all cultures follow the same path of development, from savagery to civilization, and that this path is determined by Western standards of progress.

Furthermore, critics point out that cultural evolutionism is often used to justify colonialism and the subjugation of non-Western cultures. By depicting non-Western cultures as inferior, cultural evolutionism has historically been used to justify the imposition of Western values and beliefs on other societies.

The Future of Cultural Evolutionism

In recent years, cultural evolutionism has begun to experience a resurgence as scholars attempt to understand the evolution of ideas, language, and technology. However, many scholars argue that the theory must be updated to address the criticisms that have been leveled against it.

Some have called for a more nuanced approach to cultural evolutionism, one that takes into account the unique histories and experiences of different cultures. Others have advocated for a more collaborative approach to cultural evolutionism, one that seeks to understand the complex interactions that shape cultural change.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the theory of cultural evolutionism remains a controversial topic in anthropology and other social sciences. While the theory has had a significant impact on our understanding of human culture, it has also been criticized for being Eurocentric and linear in its approach. However, with the renewed interest in the evolution of ideas and culture, cultural evolutionism may yet prove to be a useful framework for understanding the complex and ever-changing nature of human societies.