Understanding the Two Types of Muscular Dystrophy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders that affect muscle function and can lead to muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, and difficulty in performing everyday activities. There are two main types of muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy, each with different symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Introduction:
Muscular dystrophy is a neurological genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 5,000 males globally. It is caused by a mutation in the gene that creates a protein called dystrophin, which is necessary for the proper function of muscles. Without this protein, the muscles gradually weaken and waste away. In this blog article, we will discuss the two main types of muscular dystrophy, their symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy that affects only males. It typically manifests itself in early childhood, around the age of 3-5 years, and progresses at a rapid pace. The first symptoms are usually noticeable when the child has difficulty standing up from a sitting position, running, or climbing stairs. Other symptoms of DMD include calf muscles that enlarge, reduced mobility, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.
The cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a deficiency of dystrophin protein. This deficiency is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the deletion of one or more exons in the dystrophin gene. This disorder is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, whereby the mother is the carrier of the mutation, and the father is unaffected. Unfortunately, there is no cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy at present. However, treatment options such as physical therapy, breathing assistance, and medication can help to improve the individual’s quality of life.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy:
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a less severe form of muscular dystrophy than Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It also affects only males, and the onset of the symptoms is generally later, around adolescence or early adulthood. Symptoms of BMD include calf muscle weakness, difficulty running, and an abnormal gait.
The cause of BMD is also a deficiency in dystrophin protein, but it is less severe than in DMD. This disorder can also be inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Treatment for BMD includes physical therapy, medications, and surgical intervention if necessary.
Conclusion:
Muscular dystrophy is a challenging disorder that can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. Understanding the types of muscular dystrophy, their causes, symptoms, and treatments can aid in better coping with the disorder. With advancements in medical research, there is hope for more effective treatments, and ultimately, a cure.
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