September is Uterine Cancer Awareness month, a time to focus on and educate people about this cancer that affects women. While the name may not be as familiar as breast cancer, uterine cancer is the fourth most common malignancy that women face and is the eighth most common cancer overall.
Uterine cancer begins in the uterus, the reproductive organ located in the pelvis where a fetus grows. The uterus is made up of two main parts: the cervix and the body, also known as the corpus. Uterine cancer typically occurs in the corpus, where it is called endometrial cancer. The cervix can also develop cancer, although this is less common.
Risk Factors
Uterine cancer risk factors include hormonal imbalances, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Other contributing factors include having a history of endometrial hyperplasia, starting menstruation before age 12, experiencing menopause after age 55, and not having children. Additionally, taking estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for a long time, particularly after menopause, may increase the risk of developing uterine cancer.
Symptoms
Early-stage uterine cancer symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, such as bleeding after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause. Pain or pressure in the pelvic area, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue may also be present. It’s essential to note that some women may not experience any symptoms, so they should consider getting regular pelvic exams and discussing any concerning symptoms with their healthcare provider.
Diagnosis
If a woman suspects she may have uterine cancer, her doctor will perform a pelvic exam and prescribe diagnostic tests. These tests may include:
– Endometrial biopsy: A sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed and tested for cancer.
– Transvaginal ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and ovaries.
– Hysteroscopy: A thin, lit tube is inserted through the vagina and cervix to examine the uterus’ inside.
Treatment
Treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the cancer’s stage, a woman’s age, and overall health. Surgery is the most common treatment and is often combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Hormone therapy may also be an option for women who are not candidates for surgery.
Conclusion
Uterine cancer is a potentially dangerous illness that affects women. However, early intervention and treatment give women an excellent chance of a full recovery. This September, take the time to educate yourself about the symptoms and risk factors of uterine cancer, and encourage the women in your life to do the same. By working together and increasing awareness, we can help protect women from uterine cancer and work towards better outcomes for those who are affected.
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